elasticsearch入门(四):elasticsearch的简单数据操作

1.document的数据格式

面向文档的搜索分析引擎

  1. 应用系统的数据结构都是面向对象的,复杂的
  2. 对象数据存储到数据库中,只能拆解开来,变为扁平的多张表,每次查询的时候还得还原回对象格式,相当麻烦
  3. ES是面向文档的,文档中存储的数据结构,与面向对象的数据结构是一样的,基于这种文档数据结构,es可以提供复杂的索引,全文检索,分析聚合等功能
  4. es的document用json数据格式来表达
  5. 与数据库存储的区别
    比如现在有职员类,职员中包含他所属部门
	public class Employee {
		  private String id;
		  private String email;
		  private String name;
		  private Department department ;
	
	}
	private class Department {
	  	 private String id;
	 	 private String name; 
	}

两张表:employee表,department表,
数据库存储时:将employee对象的数据重新拆开来,变成Employee数据和Department数据
employee表:id,email,name,last_name 3个字段
Department表:id,name,2个字段
elastcsearch存储时直接存储json格式的数据

{
    "id":1
    "email":      "[email protected]",
    "name": "zhangsan",
    "department": {
        "id":       2,
        "name": "研发"
    }
}

我们就明白了es的document数据格式和数据库的关系型数据格式的区别

2.elasticsearch简单的集群操作

es提供了一套api,叫做cat api,可以查看es中各种各样的数据

  1. 快速检查集群的健康状况(GET /_cat/health?v)
epoch timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
1553323665 14:47:45 elasticsearch yellow 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 - 50%

如何快速了解集群的健康状况?看status
green:每个索引的primary shard和replica shard都是active状态的
yellow:每个索引的primary shard都是active状态的,但是部分replica shard不是active状态,处于不可用的状态
red:不是所有索引的primary shard都是active状态的,部分索引有数据丢失了

为什么现在会处于一个yellow状态?
我们现在就一个笔记本电脑,就启动了一个es进程,相当于就只有一个node。现在es中有一个index,就是kibana自己内置建立的index。由于默认的配置是给每个index分配5个primary shard和5个replica shard,而且primary shard和replica shard不能在同一台机器上(为了容错)。现在kibana自己建立的index是1个primary shard和1个replica shard。当前就一个node,所以只有1个primary shard被分配了和启动了,但是一个replica shard没有第二台机器去启动。

此时只要启动第二个es进程,复制一个elasticsearch启动,就会在es集群中有2个node,然后那1个replica shard就会自动分配过去,然后cluster status就会变成green状态。

epoch timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
1553324486 15:01:26 elasticsearch green 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 - 100%
  1. 快速查看集群中有哪些索引(GET /_cat/indices?v)
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size ri.store.size
yellow open .kibana rUm9n9wMRQCCrRDEhqneBg 1 1 1 0 3.1kb 3.1kb
  1. 简单的索引操作

    1. 创建索引:PUT /test_index
    {
      "acknowledged": true,
      "shards_acknowledged": true
    }
    

    查看索引:

    health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
    yellow open test_index XmS9DTAtSkSZSwWhhGEKkQ 5 1 0 0 650b 650b
    yellow open .kibana rUm9n9wMRQCCrRDEhqneBg 1 1 1 0 3.1kb 3.1kb
    1. 删除索引:DELETE /test_index?pretty
       	{
    	  "acknowledged": true
    	}
    

    查看索引:

    ealth status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
    ellow open .kibana rUm9n9wMRQCCrRDEhqneBg 1 1 1 0 3.1kb 3.1kb

3.elasticsearch的CRUD

  1. 新增商品:新增文档,建立索引
    语法:
PUT /index/type/id
{
  "json数据"
}
例子
PUT /ecommerce/product/1
{
    "name" : "gaolujie yagao",
    "desc" :  "gaoxiao meibai",
    "price" :  30,
    "producer" :      "gaolujie producer",
    "tags": [ "meibai", "fangzhu" ]
}

返回结果:

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{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

es会自动建立index和type,不需要提前创建,而且es默认会对document每个field都建立倒排索引,让其可以被搜索

  1. 查询商品:检索文档

语法:

GET /index/type/id

举例:

GET /ecommerce/product/1

返回结果:

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {        //_source是返回的数据
    "name": "gaolujie yagao",
    "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
    "price": 30,
    "producer": "gaolujie producer",
    "tags": [
      "meibai",
      "fangzhu"
    ]
  }
}
  1. 修改
    1. 替换(覆盖)同样的id会覆盖之前放入的信息
  	PUT /ecommerce/product/1
  	{
  	    "name" : "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao",
  	    "desc" :  "gaoxiao meibai",
  	    "price" :  30,
  	    "producer" :      "gaolujie producer",
  	    "tags": [ "meibai", "fangzhu" ]
  	}
		{
		     "_index": "ecommerce",
		     "_type": "product",
		     "_id": "1",
		     "_version": 2,
		     "result": "updated",
		     "_shards": {
			    "total": 2,
			    "successful": 1,
			    "failed": 0
		    },
		  "created": false
		}

替换方式有一个不好,即使必须带上所有的field,才能去进行信息的修改,否则只会把带的信息存储进去,其他数据丢失

  1. 修改商品:更新文档
    语法:
POST /index/type/id/_update

举例:

	POST /ecommerce/product/1/_update
	{
	  "doc": {
	    "name": "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao"
	  }
	}
	{
	  "_index": "ecommerce",
	  "_type": "product",
	  "_id": "1",
	  "_version": 8,
	  "result": "updated",
	  "_shards": {
	    "total": 2,
	    "successful": 1,
	    "failed": 0
	  }
	}
  1. 删除商品:删除文档
    语法:
DELETE /index/type/id

举例:

DELETE /ecommerce/product/1

返回结果

{
  "found": true,
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 9,
  "result": "deleted",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  }
}
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转载自blog.csdn.net/aawmx123/article/details/88761650