【并发编程】java多线程之线程间通讯

多线程之间通讯

什么是多线程之间通讯?

多线程之间通讯,其实就是多个线程在操作同一个资源,但是操作的动作不同。

多线程之间通讯需求

需求:第一个线程写入(input)用户,另一个线程取读取(out)用户.实现读一个,写一个操作。

在这里插入图片描述

代码实现基本实现

共享资源源实体类
class Res {
     public String userSex;
     public String userName;
}
输入线程资源
class IntThrad extends Thread {
     private Res res;
     public IntThrad(Res res) {
           this.res = res;
     }
     @Override
     public void run() {
           int count = 0;
           while (true) {
                     if (count == 0) {
                          res.userName = "余胜军";
                          res.userSex = "男";
                     } else {
                          res.userName = "小紅";
                          res.userSex = "女";
                     }
                     count = (count + 1) % 2;
                }
     }
}
输出线程
class OutThread extends Thread {
       private Res res;
       public OutThread(Res res) {
              this.res = res;
       }
       @Override
       public void run() {
              while (true) {
                            System.out.println(res.userName + "--" + res.userSex);
              }
       }
}

运行代码

Res res = new Res();
IntThrad intThrad = new IntThrad(res);
OutThread outThread = new OutThread(res);
intThrad.start();
outThread.start();

运行结果:
在这里插入图片描述
注意:数据发生错乱,造成线程安全问题

解决线程安全问题
IntThrad 加上synchronized

class IntThrad extends Thread {
     private Res res;
     public IntThrad(Res res) {
           this.res = res;
     }
     @Override
     public void run() {
           int count = 0;
           while (true) {
                synchronized (res) {
                     if (count == 0) {
                          res.userName = "余胜军";
                          res.userSex = "男";
                     } else {
                          res.userName = "小紅";
                          res.userSex = "女";
                     }
                     count = (count + 1) % 2;
                }
           }
     }
}
输出线程加上synchronized
class Res {
     public String userName;
     public String sex;
}
class InputThread extends Thread {
     private Res res;
     public InputThread(Res res) {
           this.res = res;
     }
     @Override
     public void run() {
           int count = 0;
           while (true) {
                 synchronized (res) {
                if (count == 0) {
                     res.userName = "余胜军";
                     res.sex = "男";
                } else {
                     res.userName = "小红";
                     res.sex = "女";
                }
                count = (count + 1) % 2;
           }
           }
     }
}
class OutThrad extends Thread {
     private Res res;
     public OutThrad(Res res) {
           this.res = res;
     }
     @Override
     public void run() {
           while (true) {
                synchronized (res) {
                     System.out.println(res.userName + "," + res.sex);
                }
           }
     }
}
public class ThreadDemo01 {
     public static void main(String[] args) {
           Res res = new Res();
           InputThread inputThread = new InputThread(res);
           OutThrad outThrad = new OutThrad(res);
           inputThread.start();
           outThrad.start();
     }
}

wait、notify方法

  1. 因为涉及到对象锁,他们必须都放在synchronized中来使用. Wait、Notify一定要在synchronized里面进行使用

  2. wait:必须暂定当前正在执行的线程,并释放资源锁,让其他线程可以有机会运行

  3. notify/notifyall: 唤醒因锁池中的线程,使之运行

注意:一定要在线程同步中使用,并且是同一个锁的资源

class Res {
     public String userSex;
     public String userName;
     //线程通讯标识
     public boolean flag = false;
}
class IntThrad extends Thread {
     private Res res;
     public IntThrad(Res res) {
           this.res = res;        
     }
     @Override
     public void run() {
           int count = 0;
           while (true) {
                synchronized (res) {
                     if (res.flag) {
                          try {
                             // 当前线程变为等待,但是可以释放锁
                                res.wait();
                          } catch (Exception e) {
                          }
                     }
                     if (count == 0) {
                          res.userName = "余胜军";
                          res.userSex = "男";
                     } else {
                          res.userName = "小紅";
                          res.userSex = "女";
                     }
                     count = (count + 1) % 2;
                     res.flag = true;
                     // 唤醒当前线程
                     res.notify();
                }
           }
     }
}
class OutThread extends Thread {
       private Res res;
       public OutThread(Res res) {
              this.res = res;
       }
       @Override
       public void run() {
              while (true) {
                     synchronized (res) {
                            if (!res.flag) {
                                   try {
                                          res.wait();
                                   } catch (Exception e) {
                                          // TODO: handle exception
                                   }
                            }
                            System.out.println(res.userName + "--" + res.userSex);
                            res.flag = false;
                            res.notify();
                     }
              }
       }
}
public class ThreaCommun {
     public static void main(String[] args) {
           Res res = new Res();
           IntThrad intThrad = new IntThrad(res);
           OutThread outThread = new OutThread(res);
           intThrad.start();
           outThread.start();
     }
}

wait与sleep区别

  • 对于sleep()方法,我们首先要知道该方法是属于Thread类中的。

  • wait()方法,则是属于Object类中的。

  • sleep()方法导致了程序暂停执行指定的时间,让出cpu该其他线程,但是他的监控状态依然保持者,当指定的时间到了又会自动恢复运行状态。在调用sleep()方法的过程中,线程不会释放对象锁

  • 而当调用wait()方法的时候,线程会放弃对象锁,进入等待此对象的等待锁定池,只有针对此对象调用notify()方法后本线程才进入对象锁定池准备获取对象锁进入运行状态。

Lock锁

在 jdk1.5 之后,并发包中新增了 Lock 接口(以及相关实现类)用来实现锁功能,Lock 接口提供了与 synchronized 关键字类似的同步功能,但需要在使用时手动获取锁和释放锁

Lock写法

Lock lock  = new ReentrantLock();
lock.lock();
try{
	//可能会出现线程安全的操作
}finally{
	//一定在finally中释放锁
	//也不能把获取锁在try中进行,因为有可能在获取锁的时候抛出异常
	lock.ublock();
}

Lock与synchronized 关键字的区别

  • Lock 接口可以尝试非阻塞地获取锁 当前线程尝试获取锁。如果这一时刻锁没有被其他线程获取到,则成功获取并持有锁。
  • Lock 接口能被中断地获取锁 与 synchronized 不同,获取到锁的线程能够响应中断,当获取到的锁的线程被中断时,中断异常将会被抛出,同时锁会被释放。
  • Lock 接口在指定的截止时间之前获取锁,如果截止时间到了依旧无法获取锁,则返回。

Condition用法

Condition的功能类似于在传统的线程技术中的,Object.wait()和Object.notify()的功能

代码

Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
res. condition.await();  类似wait
res. Condition. Signal() 类似notify
class Res {
       public String userName;
       public String sex;
       public boolean flag = false;
       Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
}
class InputThread extends Thread {
       private Res res;
       Condition newCondition;
       public InputThread(Res res, Condition newCondition) {
              this.res = res;
              this.newCondition=newCondition;
       }
       @Override
       public void run() {
              int count = 0;
              while (true) {
                     // synchronized (res) {
                     try {
                            res.lock.lock();
                            if (res.flag) {
                                   try {
//                                        res.wait();
                                          newCondition.await();
                                   } catch (Exception e) {
                                          // TODO: handle exception
                                   }
                            }
                            if (count == 0) {
                                   res.userName = "余胜军";
                                   res.sex = "男";
                            } else {
                                   res.userName = "小红";
                                   res.sex = "女";
                            }
                            count = (count + 1) % 2;
                            res.flag = true;
//                          res.notify();
                            newCondition.signal();
                     } catch (Exception e) {
                            // TODO: handle exception
                     }finally {
                            res.lock.unlock();
                     }
              }
              // }
       }

}
class OutThrad extends Thread {
       private Res res;
       private Condition newCondition;
       public OutThrad(Res res,Condition newCondition) {
              this.res = res;
              this.newCondition=newCondition;
       }
       @Override
       public void run() {
              while (true) {
//                   synchronized (res) {
                     try {
                            res.lock.lock();
                            if (!res.flag) {
                                   try {
//                                        res.wait();
                                          newCondition.await();
                                   } catch (Exception e) {
                                          // TODO: handle exception
                                   }
                            }
                            System.out.println(res.userName + "," + res.sex);
                            res.flag = false;
//                          res.notify();
                            newCondition.signal();
                     } catch (Exception e) {
                            // TODO: handle exception
                     }finally {
                            res.lock.unlock();
                     }
//                   }
              }
       }
}
public class ThreadDemo01 {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
              Res res = new Res();
              Condition newCondition = res.lock.newCondition();
              InputThread inputThread = new InputThread(res,newCondition);
              OutThrad outThrad = new OutThrad(res,newCondition);
              inputThread.start();
              outThrad.start();
       }
}
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转载自blog.csdn.net/jiaodaguan/article/details/103634482