class8--tensorflow:神经网络搭建八股

后续的课程都将应用实现，所以很多东西需要模块化

搭建模块化的神经网络八股:

前向传播就是搭建网络，设计网络结构（forward.py）

反向传播就是训练网络，优化网络参数(backward.py)

分.成了三个模块:

generate.py

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
seed=2

def generate():
	#基于seed产生随机数
	rdm=np.random.RandomState(seed)
	#随机数返回300行2列的矩阵，表示300组坐标点（x0，x1）作为输入数据集
	X=rdm.randn(300,2)
	#从X这个300行2列的矩阵中取出一行，判断如果两个坐标的平方和小于2，给Y赋值1，其余赋值0
	#作为输入数据集的标签
	Y_=[int(x0*x0+x1*x1<2) for (x0,x1) in X]
	#遍历Y中每个元素，1赋值'red'其余赋值'blue'，这样可视化显示时人可以直观区分
	Y_COLOR=[['red' if y else 'blue']for y in Y_]

	#对数据集X和标签Y进行shape整理，第一个元素为-1表示，随第二个参数计算得到，第二个元素表示多少列，把X整理为n行2列，把Y整理为n行1列

	X=np.vstack(X).reshape(-1,2)
	Y_=np.vstack(Y_).reshape(-1,1)

	#print(X)
	#print(Y_)
	
	#画图,数据集X各行中第0列元素和第1列元素的点即各行的(x0,x1),用y_color对应的值显示颜色
	#plt.scatter(X[:,0],X[:,1],c=np.squeeze(Y_COLOR))
	#plt.show()
	
	return X,Y_,Y_COLOR

forward.py

import tensorflow as tf

def forward(x,regularizer):
	w1=get_weight([2,11],0.01)
	b1=get_bias([11])
	y1=tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(x,w1)+b1)

	w2=get_weight([11,1],0.01)
	b2=get_bias([1])
	y=tf.matmul(y1,w2+b2)#输出层不过激活函数
	return y

def get_weight(shape,regularizer):
	w=tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape),dtype=tf.float32)
	tf.add_to_collection('losses',tf.contrib.layers.l2_regularizer(regularizer)(w))
	return w

def get_bias(shape):
	b=tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.01,shape=shape))
	return b

backward.py

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import generate as gr
import forward as fw

STEPS = 40000
BATCH_SIZE = 30 
LEARNING_RATE_BASE = 0.001
LEARNING_RATE_DECAY = 0.999
REGULARIZER = 0.01

def backward():
	x=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,shape=(None,2))
	y_=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,shape=(None,1))
	X,Y_,Y_C=gr.generate()
	
	y=fw.forward(x,REGULARIZER)
	global_step=tf.Variable(0,trainable=False)

	#定义损失函数
	loss_mse=tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(y-y_))
	loss_total=loss_mse+tf.add_n(tf.get_collection('losses'))


	#loss可以是y与y_之间的距离或距离的平方
	#也可以是交叉熵
	#ce=tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=y,labels=tf.argmax(y_,1))
	#cem=tf.reduce_mean(ce)
	#可以正则化，加上下面这句
	#loss=y与y_的差距+tf.add_n(tf.get_collection('losses'))
	
	#采用指数衰减的学习率
	learning_rate=tf.train.exponential_decay(LEARNING_RATE_BASE,global_step,BATCH_SIZE,LEARNING_RATE_DECAY,staircase=True)

	train_step=tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate).minimize(loss_mse,global_step=global_step)
	
	#滑动平均
	#ema=tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY,global_step)
	#ema_op=ema.apply(tf.trainable_variables())
	#with tf.control_dependencies([train_step,ema_op]):
	#	train_op=tf.no_op(name='train')

	#训练
	with tf.Session() as sess:
		init_op=tf.global_variables_initializer()
		sess.run(init_op)
		
		for i in range(STEPS):
			start=(i*BATCH_SIZE)%200
			end=start+BATCH_SIZE
			sess.run(train_step,feed_dict={x:X[start:end],y_:Y_[start:end]})
			if i%2000 ==0:
				loss_v=sess.run(loss_total,feed_dict={x:X,y_:Y_})
				print("after %d steps:,loss is :%f",i,loss_v)
		xx, yy = np.mgrid[-3:3:.01, -3:3:.01]
		grid = np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()]
		probs = sess.run(y, feed_dict={x:grid})
		probs = probs.reshape(xx.shape)
	
	plt.scatter(X[:,0], X[:,1], c=np.squeeze(Y_C)) 
	plt.contour(xx, yy, probs, levels=[.5])
	plt.show()
		
#if _name_=='_main_':
#	backward()

最后运行

class8--tensorflow:神经网络搭建八股

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